State of Fundamental Physics
Facts and Open Questions of Fundamental Physics Since the dawn of humanity, we have lived with the paradigm that our universe is the alpha and omega of reality, a unique and smooth space. However, while working within this paradigm science has accumulated many questions to which no one has yet found, and may never find, the answers. What are the true natures of space, time, elementary particles, and gravity? Will the photon's dual nature or the physical nature of quantum spaces ever be...
The Multispace Diagram vs Minkowski’s Diagram
In 1905, Einstein discovered the special relativity of inertial frames of reference, which generalizes Galileo's principle of relativity (that all uniform motion is relative, and that there is no absolute and well-defined state of rest). He based his theory on the Lorentz transformation that describes how measurements of space and time in a moving frame of reference P'(x', t') depend on its motion relative to an...
Minkowski’s Legacy
Today, Hermann Minkowski is most famous for introducing a two-dimensional space-time diagram to explain the Lorentz transformation of Special Relativity. Over the last century, this intuitive visual aid has helped clarify Einstein's theory, significantly facilitating its dissemination to scientists and the general public. However, according to Minkowski, Einstein's former math teacher at the Polytechnic, Einstein clarified the physical significance of Lorentz's theory, but did not grasp the...